Three “first passes”: Yanmen Pass, Jiayu Pass and Shanhai Pass. Who is the first pass in the world

I believe that many people like traveling. Isn't there a famous saying: "The world is so big, I want to see it"! In recent years, it is estimated that you will not travel many times, and even if you go out, you will probably not go far. For example, there should be few people who travel abroad, but even if you can't travel abroad, there are few people who can travel all over China in your lifetime, so there are many good places to visit in China.

For the general tourist enthusiasts, most of them just choose some representative places to go. We will give priority to the scenic spots that must be visited when we make a travel plan. When we go to a city, we only need to go to a few representative places to play, rather than go to all kinds of villages in the streets.

Yanmen Pass

For example, you must go to Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan. If you go to Xinzhou, Shanxi, you must also go to Yanmen Pass. If you go to Gansu, you must also punch in at Jiayu Pass. The three places I mentioned all have the name of "the first pass". They are the famous "three passes" in China. I believe many friends have been there. Do you know who is the real "first pass" in Yanmen Pass, Jiayu Pass and Shanhai Pass?

First of all, Yanmen Pass, located in Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, is the most important pass on the Great Wall, and has a very long history. Its function as a "pass" can be traced back to the Warring States Period, when the State of Zhao built the "Zhao Great Wall" in order to resist the invasion of northern nomadic peoples, and also set up Dai County, Yunzhong County and Yanmen County.

Since then, Yanmen has become the most important gateway to fight against the Huns. For example, the First Emperor of Qin sent Meng Tian to lead 300000 troops out of Yanmen to bring the Hetao area into the territory; In the Han Dynasty, famous generals such as Huo Qubing, Wei Qing and Li Guang also frequently fought outside the Yanmen Pass;

Yanmen Pass

The famous Zhaojun who went out of the fortress also went out of the Yanmen Pass to make a marriage. It is said that when Wang Zhaojun went out of the fortress, she played a farewell song by plucking the strings on her horse's back. The wild geese in the sky forgot to flap their wings after hearing it, and fell from the air. From then on, there is the story of Zhaojun falling wild geese;

Later in the Tang Dynasty, the Turks in the north repeatedly invaded the Central Plains, so the Tang Dynasty officially set up the "Yanmen Pass" here and stationed troops there; By the time of the Song Dynasty, it had become a battlefield with the Khitan people.

In short, the function of Yanmen Pass as an important military pass lasted until the Ming Dynasty, so it was also a very important pass on the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.

Jiayuguan

Until the Qing Dynasty, because the territory had expanded to a wide range, Yanmen Pass gradually lost its role as a military pass. It is precisely because Yanmen Pass has run through thousands of years of history and witnessed the development of the Chinese nation. There is a saying that "one Yanmen Pass, half of the history of China", so Yanmen Pass has always been known as "the first pass in China".

Jiayuguan is one of the most famous scenic spots in Gansu Province. It is the gateway to the west of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty and the traffic fortress of the Silk Road. However, the history of Jiayuguan is much shorter than that of Yanmen Pass, because it was built in 1372, the fifth year after the establishment of the Ming Dynasty.

Before the Ming Dynasty, it was also about the entrance, but there was no building. It was just to send a few guards to check the passers-by. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that the gate building was built here, and the process of repair was relatively long. At the beginning, it was just an earthen city, and by the time of the Jiajing Dynasty, it was built into a defensive castle.

Shanhaiguan

After the completion of the project, all missions in the Western Regions must enter the customs and pay tribute from here. At the same time, until the Qing Dynasty, Jiayuguan was also the most important commercial fortress in the Central Plains and the Western Regions. For example, the export of tea, silk and porcelain was also basically transported to Central Asia through Jiayuguan. Because the building scale of Jiayuguan is very majestic, and it is the largest building on the Great Wall, so it is known as "the first grand pass in the world".

Let's talk about the mountain customs. The history of Shanhaiguan is shorter than that of Jiayuguan, because it was built nine years later than that of Jiayuguan. Shanhaiguan is also a defensive building, located at the intersection of the eastern end of the Ming Great Wall and the sea, and echoes the Jiayuguan in the west.

Although the scale of Shanhaiguan is not as large as that of Jiayuguan, the construction cost far more manpower, financial resources and time. It took 263 years to complete the construction.

Shanhaiguan

Shanhaiguan is less than 300 kilometers away from the capital, and its existence is related to the safety of the capital. Therefore, Shanhaiguan played an important role as the "barrier of the capital". The demise of the Ming Dynasty was because the Manchu Dynasty broke through the barrier of Shanhaiguan. Therefore, Shanhaiguan is known as "the first pass in the world".

After introducing Yanmen Pass, Jiayu Pass and Shanhai Pass respectively, we know that these three "first passes" are not actually in conflict. "The first pass in the world" refers to Shanhai Pass, "the first majestic pass in the world" refers to Jiayu Pass, and "the first pass in China" refers to Yanmen Pass. They have played an irreplaceable historical role in different historical stages, relying on their unique geographical advantages.

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